Direction & Distance — Navigate Like a Pro

Master the compass, left/right turns and the shortest-distance rule for SSC-CGL direction sense, with turn tables, the Pythagoras trick and worked examples.

By the PadhoDost Team · 📖 7 min read · Updated 4 August 2026

Part of SSC CGL & Banking prep

🧠 The treasure-hunt map

Direction sense is just a treasure hunt. You start at a spot, follow arrows — 3 steps North, turn right, 4 steps East — and you must say where you land and how far it is 'as the crow flies' from where you began. Master one compass and one right-angle-triangle rule, and every clue falls into place.

The compass: 8 directions

NSEW Start End 3 km N 4 km E 5 km
Sketch each move on a compass; the shortest distance back is the straight-line displacement.

There are 4 main directions — North (top), South (bottom), East (right), West (left) — and 4 in-between ones: North-East (NE), South-East (SE), South-West (SW) and North-West (NW). Always draw a small '+' with N pointing up before you start; a quick picture prevents most mistakes.

Turning rules

Right turn = clockwise (N → E → S → W → N). Left turn = anti-clockwise (N → W → S → E → N).
You are facingTurn LEFT → faceTurn RIGHT → face
NorthWestEast
EastNorthSouth
SouthEastWest
WestSouthNorth

Shortest (straight-line) distance

When the path forms an L-shape with two perpendicular legs a and b, shortest distance = √(a^2 + b^2).

📝 Walk 3 km North, then 4 km East — how far from start?

The two legs are at right angles: 3 km up, then 4 km right.

Shortest distance = √(3^2 + 4^2) = √(9 + 16) = √25.

Distance = 5 km, and the finishing point lies to the North-East of the start.

💡 Shadow trick: the sun rises in the East, so early-morning shadows fall towards the West; at sunset the sun is in the West, so shadows fall towards the East. At noon shadows are shortest. This instantly solves 'shadow fell to his left/right' questions.

Remember

  • Always draw the compass (N up) and mark each move.
  • Right = clockwise, Left = anti-clockwise.
  • Opposite legs (e.g. North then South) partly or fully cancel.
  • L-shaped path → √(a^2 + b^2) for the straight-line gap.
  • 'Distance from start' means net displacement, not total distance walked.

⚡ Quick check

A man walks 10 m South, turns left and walks 5 m, then turns left again and walks 10 m. How far is he from the starting point?

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