Geography (ভূগোল)
7 chapters · 84 practice questions with full solutions — all free.
🎯 Full Geography (ভূগোল) section test
40 questions across the whole section · 40 min · one timed test
Exogenetic Processes and Resultant Landforms (বহির্জাত প্রক্রিয়া ও তাদের দ্বারা সৃষ্ট ভূমিরূপ)
Exogenetic (external) forces such as running water, glaciers and wind wear down high land and fill up low land; this levelling of the Earth's surface is called gradation (degradation + aggradation). Each agent erodes, transports and deposits material, creating its own set of erosional and depositional landforms.
Exam tip: Group A/B regularly asks which agent forms a given landform, famous examples (Grand Canyon, Qattara, loess of China) and the sixth power law; 5-mark questions ask you to describe three or four landforms of a river, glacier or wind with neat labelled diagrams.
12 questionsPractice testAtmosphere (বায়ুমণ্ডল)
The atmosphere is the blanket of air held around the Earth by gravity, made mostly of nitrogen and oxygen and divided by temperature into the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere, with the exosphere as the outermost part. Unequal heating of the Earth creates temperature and pressure belts that drive planetary, periodic and local winds, while water vapour in the air produces humidity, clouds, rainfall, cyclones and anticyclones.
Exam tip: Group A/B regularly asks about the layers (ozone layer, ionosphere), names of pressure belts and winds (horse latitudes, Roaring Forties), local winds (Loo, Chinook, Harmattan) and Ferrel's or Buys Ballot's law; long answers ask you to draw the pressure belts with planetary winds or to compare a cyclone with an anticyclone.
12 questionsPractice testHydrosphere (বারিমণ্ডল)
Ocean water moves in two main ways: ocean currents, which are steady horizontal flows of water in a definite direction, and tides, which are the regular rise and fall of sea level. Currents are driven mainly by planetary winds and shaped by temperature, salinity, the Earth's rotation and coastlines; tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun together with the centrifugal force acting on the Earth.
Exam tip: Group A/B asks the names and nature of currents (Gulf Stream, Labrador, Humboldt), the Sargasso Sea, spring and neap tides, perigean and apogean tides and the tidal bore; 3- and 5-mark questions ask the causes and effects of ocean currents and how primary and secondary tides form, with a diagram.
12 questionsPractice testWaste Management (বর্জ্য ব্যবস্থাপনা)
Waste is any material thrown away because it is no longer useful. It can be solid, liquid or gaseous, biodegradable or non-biodegradable, and comes from homes, farms, industries, hospitals and electronic goods. Waste management is the scientific collection, segregation, treatment and disposal of waste, guided by the 3R principle, so that it harms neither people nor the environment.
Exam tip: This chapter carries 8 marks (1 MCQ, 2 very short answers, one 2-mark and one 3-mark answer): learn the classification of waste with examples, the 3R principle, segregation by bin colour, and how composting, vermicomposting, incineration and sanitary landfill work.
12 questionsPractice testIndia (ভারত)
India lies wholly in the Northern Hemisphere and, with about 32.87 lakh sq km, is the seventh largest country in the world. This chapter covers its location and administrative divisions, its physical environment (relief, rivers, irrigation, climate, soil and natural vegetation) and its economic environment (agriculture, industry, transport, communication, population and urbanisation).
Exam tip: India (Regional Geography) carries 32 of the 90 marks, level with Physical Geography for the largest share. Expect several MCQs and very-short items (fill in the blanks, true/false, matching projects with rivers or steel plants with partner countries), plus 'why' and 'how' answers on the monsoon, soils, irrigation and the location of industries; the same facts also feed the 10-mark map question.
12 questionsPractice testSatellite Imagery and Topographical Map (উপগ্রহ চিত্র ও ভূ-বৈচিত্র্যসূচক মানচিত্র)
Remote sensing collects information about the Earth's surface from a distance, without direct contact, using sensors carried on aircraft or satellites; a satellite image is a digital picture made of pixels. A topographical map, prepared in India by the Survey of India, shows relief and surface features on a large scale using contours, conventional signs and colours.
Exam tip: This part carries 8 marks: 1 MCQ, 2 very-short items, one 2-mark and one 3-mark answer. Typical asks are the pixel, geostationary vs sun-synchronous satellites, FCC colours, the meaning of an index number such as 73M/6, conventional colours and signs, and converting the RF scale (1:50,000 → 2 cm = 1 km).
12 questionsPractice testMap of India (মানচিত্র (ভারত))
Group F of the Madhyamik Geography paper is map work worth 10 marks: ten features (1 mark each) must be located and labelled on an outline map of India. The items come from the India chapter — mountains, plateaus, rivers, lakes, passes, climate and soil regions, vegetation, crop areas, industrial centres, ports, cities and population features.
Exam tip: Group F gives 10 one-mark map items on an outline map of India (sightless candidates answer 10 written questions instead). Practise placing the same 30–40 standard features — mountains, plateaus, rivers, lakes, passes, ports, steel and textile centres and population features — on a blank outline map until you can do it from memory, with neat symbols and names.
12 questionsPractice test