Plant Kingdom

What you'll learn

A friendly, NCERT-aligned tour of how the plant kingdom is sorted into algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms — using one simple checklist (body, plumbing, seeds) plus each group's key features and life cycles.

This chapter has

Plant Kingdom — solved practice questions

8 Class 11 Biology questions with step-by-step solutions. Attempt each, then reveal the answer.

1. Q1easy

   Bryophytes are often called the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' because they:

   • Alive on land but need water for sexual reproduction
   • Bcan live both on land and inside water permanently
   • Chave both roots and flowers
   • Dare the tallest land plants
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (A) live on land but need water for sexual reproduction

   Bryophytes grow in moist, shady places on land but need water for the motile male gametes to reach the egg during sexual reproduction, hence 'amphibians of the plant kingdom'.

2. Q2medium

   The first true land plants to possess vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are the:

   • Apteridophytes
   • Bbryophytes
   • Calgae
   • Dgymnosperms
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (A) pteridophytes

   Pteridophytes (ferns and their allies) are the first terrestrial plants to have well-differentiated vascular tissues — xylem and phloem — for conduction.

3. Q3easy

   Gymnosperms are distinguished from angiosperms by the fact that their seeds are:

   • Aenclosed within a fruit
   • Balways non-viable
   • Cproduced without pollination
   • Dnaked, i.e., not enclosed within an ovary/fruit
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (D) naked, i.e., not enclosed within an ovary/fruit

   In gymnosperms the ovules are not enclosed within an ovary and remain exposed before and after fertilisation, so the seeds are said to be 'naked'.

4. Q4medium

   The red colour of red algae (Rhodophyceae) is due to the predominance of the pigment:

   • Afucoxanthin
   • Bphycoerythrin
   • Cchlorophyll b
   • Dcarotene
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (B) phycoerythrin

   Rhodophyceae appear red because of the dominance of the pigment r-phycoerythrin, which also lets them photosynthesise at greater ocean depths.

5. Q5hard

   The stored (reserve) food material in brown algae (Phaeophyceae) is:

   • Astarch
   • Bfloridean starch
   • Claminarin and mannitol
   • Dglycogen
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (C) laminarin and mannitol

   Brown algae store food as the complex carbohydrate laminarin and the sugar-alcohol mannitol; their cell walls also contain algin.

6. Q6easy

   Which of the following is a member of the green algae (Chlorophyceae)?

   • AFucus
   • BChlamydomonas
   • CPolysiphonia
   • DLaminaria
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (B) Chlamydomonas

   Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix and Spirogyra are green algae; Fucus and Laminaria are brown algae and Polysiphonia is a red alga.

7. Q7medium

   In the life cycle of a bryophyte, the dominant, photosynthetic and conspicuous plant body is the:

   • Adiploid sporophyte
   • Bdiploid zygote
   • Cseed
   • Dhaploid gametophyte
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (D) haploid gametophyte

   In bryophytes the main plant body is the haploid gametophyte, on which the diploid sporophyte remains attached and largely dependent for nutrition.

8. Q8medium

   In pteridophytes and all higher plants, the dominant phase of the life cycle is the:

   • Agametophyte
   • Bsporophyte
   • Cprothallus
   • Dgamete
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (B) sporophyte

   From pteridophytes onwards the diploid sporophyte is the dominant, independent and vascularised plant body, while the gametophyte is reduced.

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