Carbon and Its Compounds

What you'll learn

Master Class 10 Carbon and Its Compounds: covalent bonding, catenation, homologous series, functional groups, IUPAC naming, and key reactions like combustion, addition and esterification.

This chapter has

Carbon and Its Compounds — solved practice questions

8 Class 10 Science questions with step-by-step solutions. Attempt each, then reveal the answer.

1. Q1easy

   Carbon forms millions of compounds mainly because of:

   • Aits small size
   • Bcatenation and tetravalency
   • Cbeing a metal
   • Dhaving 6 neutrons
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (B) catenation and tetravalency

   Carbon's ability to bond with itself and other atoms to form long chains (catenation) and its tetravalency are key.

2. Q2easy

   The valency of carbon is:

   • A2
   • B4
   • C6
   • D3
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   Correct answer: (B) 4

   Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell → valency = 4 (tetravalent).

3. Q3easy

   Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds are called:

   • Asaturated
   • Bunsaturated
   • Caromatic
   • Daliphatic
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   Correct answer: (A) saturated

   Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) contain only C–C single bonds.

4. Q4easy

   The first member of the alkane series is:

   • Aethane
   • Bmethane
   • Cpropane
   • Dbutane
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   Correct answer: (B) methane

   Methane (CH₄) is the simplest alkane (one carbon atom).

5. Q5medium

   The functional group –OH is called:

   • Acarboxyl group
   • Bhydroxyl group
   • Caldehyde group
   • Damine group
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   Correct answer: (B) hydroxyl group

   –OH is the hydroxyl group, found in alcohols.

6. Q6easy

   Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is an example of an:

   • Aalcohol
   • Bester
   • Cketone
   • Daldehyde
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   Correct answer: (A) alcohol

   Ethanol has the –OH (hydroxyl) group, making it an alcohol.

7. Q7easy

   Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) is commonly called:

   • Aformic acid
   • Bacetic acid
   • Coxalic acid
   • Dcitric acid
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   Correct answer: (B) acetic acid

   CH₃COOH is acetic acid, the acid in vinegar.

8. Q8easy

   The process of burning hydrocarbons in excess oxygen is called:

   • Asubstitution
   • Bcombustion
   • Caddition
   • Desterification
   Show answer & solution

   Correct answer: (B) combustion

   Complete combustion of hydrocarbons in excess O₂ produces CO₂ and H₂O.

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